Heat-related illnesses consist of three stages, ranging from relatively mild to life threatening: heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heatstroke, respectively. Recognize and treat symptoms as soon as possible, especially before earlier stages progress to heatstroke. These guidelines follow recommendations of the American Red Cross and the Center for Disease Control.
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Step1
Check for a cramping in the leg muscles or abdomen.
Step2
Ask the person whether he or she is feeling tired, has a headache or feels nauseous or dizzy.
Step3
Look for heavy perspiration.
Step4
Continue to next section to assess for heat exhaustion. Otherwise, treat person for heat cramps (see "Treat Heat Cramps," under Related eHows).
Heat Exhaustion
Step1
Look at the person's skin for a pale color and feel it for moistness.
Step2
Check for a weak but elevated pulse.
Step3
Watch for vomiting.
Step4
Continue onto next section to assess for heat stroke. Otherwise, treat for heat exhaustion (see "Treat Heat Exhaustion," under Related eHows).
Heat Stroke
Step1
Observe the person's behavior and temperament. If he or she appears disoriented or is acting out of character or exhibiting a strange personality, suspect heatstroke and treat immediately.
Step2
Take the person's temperature. If over 104 degrees F, treat immediately for heatstroke.
Step3
Look at and feel the person's skin: Is it hot and red? If so, suspect heatstroke and treat immediately.
Step4
Check the person's heart and respiratory rate. If either is elevated, suspect heatstroke and treat immediately (see "Treat Heatstroke," under Related eHows).
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Showing posts with label Assess. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Assess. Show all posts
Thursday, August 21, 2008
Friday, August 15, 2008
How to Assess a Rib Fracture
Suspect a rib fracture anytime a person receives a blow to the chest and feels a great deal of pain at the point injured. Look for the following signs as indicators of the severity of the injury.
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Step1
Gently touch the area of the chest that received the blow. The injured person will complain of sharp tenderness at the point of the fracture if one or more ribs were broken.
Step2
Have the injured person take a deep breath or cough: Does he or she feel sharp, stabbing pain? If yes, suspect a fractured rib.
Step3
Look for the following additional signs and symptoms: deformity or discoloration around the chest area; shallow breathing to minimize the pain with each breath; an elevated respiratory rate. The presence of any of these signs may indicate a fractured rib.
Step4
Decrease movement on the side of the fracture using one of the following methods: Tape the factured side with four or five pieces of adhesive tape from the sternum to the spine; apply an elastic bandage around the entire chest; use a sling and swathe to immobilize the arm against the injured side; tape a stuff sack filled with clothes loosely to the injured side of the chest. See "How to Treat a Rib Fracture."
Step5
Administer ibuprofen, acetaminophen or naproxen sodium for pain.
Step6
Encourage the injured person to cough frequently, despite the pain, in order to prevent secretions from pooling in the lung causing pneumonia.
Step7
Evacuate immediately, monitoring for difficulty breathing. The injured person may be able to walk out if there are no signs of respiratory distress.
Serious Fractures and Flail Chest
Step1
Look for the signs of respiratory distress immediately after a major impact to the chest: rapid and shallow breathing; elevated heart rate; a bluish tint around the nose and mouth; no detectable breathing.
Step2
Look for the signs of a punctured lung: increased difficulty breathing; coughing up blood.
Step3
Place one hand on each side of the injured person's chest and observe the way in which the chest moves with inhalations. If one side of the chest rises during inhalation while the other falls, at least three ribs have been broken on the falling side of the chest.
Step4
Treat immediately if the person appears to have punctured a lung or has multiple fractures. The best treatment is to roll the person onto the injured side and place a rolled piece of clothing underneath the fractured area to support it.
Step5
Evacuate immediately, monitoring for respiratory distress. The person will not be able to walk out and must be carried on a backboard or in a litter, or flown out with a helicopter.
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More articles......
Step1
Gently touch the area of the chest that received the blow. The injured person will complain of sharp tenderness at the point of the fracture if one or more ribs were broken.
Step2
Have the injured person take a deep breath or cough: Does he or she feel sharp, stabbing pain? If yes, suspect a fractured rib.
Step3
Look for the following additional signs and symptoms: deformity or discoloration around the chest area; shallow breathing to minimize the pain with each breath; an elevated respiratory rate. The presence of any of these signs may indicate a fractured rib.
Step4
Decrease movement on the side of the fracture using one of the following methods: Tape the factured side with four or five pieces of adhesive tape from the sternum to the spine; apply an elastic bandage around the entire chest; use a sling and swathe to immobilize the arm against the injured side; tape a stuff sack filled with clothes loosely to the injured side of the chest. See "How to Treat a Rib Fracture."
Step5
Administer ibuprofen, acetaminophen or naproxen sodium for pain.
Step6
Encourage the injured person to cough frequently, despite the pain, in order to prevent secretions from pooling in the lung causing pneumonia.
Step7
Evacuate immediately, monitoring for difficulty breathing. The injured person may be able to walk out if there are no signs of respiratory distress.
Serious Fractures and Flail Chest
Step1
Look for the signs of respiratory distress immediately after a major impact to the chest: rapid and shallow breathing; elevated heart rate; a bluish tint around the nose and mouth; no detectable breathing.
Step2
Look for the signs of a punctured lung: increased difficulty breathing; coughing up blood.
Step3
Place one hand on each side of the injured person's chest and observe the way in which the chest moves with inhalations. If one side of the chest rises during inhalation while the other falls, at least three ribs have been broken on the falling side of the chest.
Step4
Treat immediately if the person appears to have punctured a lung or has multiple fractures. The best treatment is to roll the person onto the injured side and place a rolled piece of clothing underneath the fractured area to support it.
Step5
Evacuate immediately, monitoring for respiratory distress. The person will not be able to walk out and must be carried on a backboard or in a litter, or flown out with a helicopter.
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Tuesday, August 12, 2008
How to Assess Lung Injuries
A lung injury can occur anytime a person receives a severe blow to the chest. Whenever you suspect a rib fracture, look for a lung injury as well.
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Step1
Look for signs of respiratory distress immediately after a major impact to the chest: rapid and shallow breathing, an elevated heart rate, a bluish tint around the nose and mouth, no detectable breathing. If any of these signs are present, suspect a lung injury.
Step2
Look for the signs of a punctured lung: increasing difficulty breathing, coughing up blood.
Step3
Put an ear to both sides of the injured person's chest and listen to the breathing: Can you hear air entering both sides of the chest? If air is entering only one side, suspect a lung injury.
Step4
Look for an open chest wound or an impaled object in the chest. If either of these is present, suspect a lung injury.
Step5
Treat immediately: Maintain an open airway, seal any open chest wounds, stop the bleeding, stabilize any impaled objects, have the person sit or lie in the position of greatest comfort (see "How to Treat Lung Injuries").
Step6
Evacuate immediately, monitoring for respiratory distress. The person will not be able to walk out and must be carried on a backboard or in a litter, or flown out with a helicopter.
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Step1
Look for signs of respiratory distress immediately after a major impact to the chest: rapid and shallow breathing, an elevated heart rate, a bluish tint around the nose and mouth, no detectable breathing. If any of these signs are present, suspect a lung injury.
Step2
Look for the signs of a punctured lung: increasing difficulty breathing, coughing up blood.
Step3
Put an ear to both sides of the injured person's chest and listen to the breathing: Can you hear air entering both sides of the chest? If air is entering only one side, suspect a lung injury.
Step4
Look for an open chest wound or an impaled object in the chest. If either of these is present, suspect a lung injury.
Step5
Treat immediately: Maintain an open airway, seal any open chest wounds, stop the bleeding, stabilize any impaled objects, have the person sit or lie in the position of greatest comfort (see "How to Treat Lung Injuries").
Step6
Evacuate immediately, monitoring for respiratory distress. The person will not be able to walk out and must be carried on a backboard or in a litter, or flown out with a helicopter.
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Monday, August 11, 2008
How to Assess Forearm Tendinitis
Tendons are the cords that attach muscles to bone. Tendinitis occurs when these cords become inflamed. Forearm tendinitis usually occurs with overuse or misuse of the tendon - a common injury for kayakers and canoeists.
Step1
Identify when the pain first began and the activity that preceded it. Forearm tendinitis usually appears the morning after participating in an activity that involves overuse of the wrists and arms.
Step2
Look for the following symptoms on the forearm: redness, swelling, warmth to the touch, pain when touched or moved, grinding sounds when the wrist or arm is moved. Suspect tendinitis if you observe any of these symptoms.
Step3
Treat immediately if you suspect tendinitis while camping or during other wilderness activity. (Evacuation will probably not be required.) Basic treatment involves rest, ice, taping or stabilizing the wrist, administering ibuprofen for pain, and elevating the arm. (See "How to Treat Forearm Tendonitis.")
Step4
Check for the following symptoms that might indicate a more serious injury, such as a fracture or dislocation: sudden and intense onset of pain, bruising, deformity, inability to move the joint, absence of a detectable pulse in the wrist, pain at one particular point, inability to move the fingers, or tingling or lack of sensation in the fingers. Evacuate to a doctor immediately if any of these signs are present.
http://www.freewebtown.com/howtodothing/health/3.htm#2
Step1
Identify when the pain first began and the activity that preceded it. Forearm tendinitis usually appears the morning after participating in an activity that involves overuse of the wrists and arms.
Step2
Look for the following symptoms on the forearm: redness, swelling, warmth to the touch, pain when touched or moved, grinding sounds when the wrist or arm is moved. Suspect tendinitis if you observe any of these symptoms.
Step3
Treat immediately if you suspect tendinitis while camping or during other wilderness activity. (Evacuation will probably not be required.) Basic treatment involves rest, ice, taping or stabilizing the wrist, administering ibuprofen for pain, and elevating the arm. (See "How to Treat Forearm Tendonitis.")
Step4
Check for the following symptoms that might indicate a more serious injury, such as a fracture or dislocation: sudden and intense onset of pain, bruising, deformity, inability to move the joint, absence of a detectable pulse in the wrist, pain at one particular point, inability to move the fingers, or tingling or lack of sensation in the fingers. Evacuate to a doctor immediately if any of these signs are present.
http://www.freewebtown.com/howtodothing/health/3.htm#2
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